Thorong La Pass on the Annapurna Circuit
Annapurna

Annapurna Circuit Trek

The greatest trek in the world — a complete Himalayan circuit

Challenging
Duration
13 days
Max Altitude
5,416m (17,769ft) — Thorong La Pass
CDifficulty
Challenging
Best Season
March–May, Sep–Nov
Group Size
1–12 people

Overview

The Annapurna Circuit is widely regarded as one of the world's greatest treks — a complete loop around the Annapurna massif that packs more landscape diversity into a single journey than almost any other route on earth. Beginning in the subtropical river valleys of the Marsyangdi, the trail climbs through rhododendron forests, terraced farmland, and pine-scented ridgelines before breaking above the treeline into the raw alpine desert of the Manang Valley. The transformation is staggering: within two weeks you pass from jungle heat to arctic cold, from rice paddies to windswept yak pastures.

The undisputed crux of the circuit is Thorong La Pass at 5,416m (17,769ft). An early morning departure in the dark, headlamp beams cutting through thin air, followed by a long descent into the sacred valley of Muktinath — this is one of trekking's iconic experiences. The pass demands respect, good acclimatization, and an early start, but it rewards with panoramic views of the Himalayas that few other vantage points can match.

Crossing into the Mustang rain shadow, the landscape shifts dramatically again. The ancient walled town of Kagbeni marks the gateway to Upper Mustang, and the wind-scoured cliffs and ochre earth feel more Tibetan than Nepali. Muktinath temple, sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists, draws pilgrims from across the subcontinent and adds a profound spiritual dimension to the journey.

Throughout the circuit you move through a tapestry of ethnic communities — the Gurung and Magar farmers of the lower valleys, the Thakali innkeepers of Kagbeni and Jomsom, and the Tibetan-influenced communities of the high trans-Himalayan zone. Each culture brings distinct architecture, food, and festivals. For those with extra days, a side trip to Tilicho Lake (4,919m), one of the world's highest lakes, adds yet another layer of magnificence to an already extraordinary route. The Annapurna Circuit is not just a trek — it is a complete Himalayan education.

Trek Highlights
  • Cross Thorong La Pass (5,416m), one of the highest trekking passes in the world
  • Visit Muktinath temple, a sacred pilgrimage site revered by Hindus and Buddhists
  • Explore the medieval walled village of Kagbeni at the gateway to Upper Mustang
  • Experience dramatic landscape shifts — from subtropical jungle to high-altitude Tibetan desert
  • Optional side trip to Tilicho Lake (4,919m), one of the highest lakes on earth
  • Acclimatize in Manang with an optional hike to Ice Lake at 4,600m
  • Encounter diverse ethnic cultures: Gurung, Magar, Thakali, and Tibetan communities
  • Panoramic views of Annapurna II, III, IV, Gangapurna, Tilicho Peak, and Dhaulagiri
  • Walk through the Manang Valley's striking high-altitude desert scenery
  • Descend into the Mustang rain shadow and experience the surreal Kali Gandaki gorge

Day by Day Itinerary

Depart Kathmandu early by tourist bus or private jeep for the 6–7 hour drive to Besisahar (760m), the administrative gateway to the Annapurna Circuit. After lunch, take a short jeep or walk to Bhulbhule (840m) to properly begin the trek and register permits. The evening offers gentle riverside scenery and a chance to sort your pack and meet fellow trekkers.

Distance
Drive ~180 km; walk ~2 km
Elev. Gain
80m
Elev. Loss
0m
Stay
Guesthouse in Bhulbhule
Meals:Dinner included

Permits & Cost Breakdown

Required Permits

ItemCostNotes
Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP)$30 USDRequired for all trekkers in the Annapurna region. Purchase in Kathmandu at the Nepal Tourism Board office (Bhrikutimandap) or in Pokhara. Bring passport-size photos.
Trekkers' Information Management System (TIMS)$20 USDMandatory for all independent and guided trekkers. Available at the same offices as ACAP. Keep both cards accessible as there are multiple checkpoints along the route.

Additional Costs

ItemCostNotes
Licensed Trek Guide$35–45 USD/dayHighly recommended for safety, navigation, and cultural insight on this long high-altitude route. A guide also significantly assists in emergency situations near Thorong La.
Porter$20–25 USD/dayPorters typically carry up to 25 kg. Hiring a porter not only eases your load but directly supports local livelihoods. Ensure your porter has proper gear and insurance.
Teahouse Accommodation$10–25 USD/nightBasic twin-share rooms are cheapest; rooms with attached bathroom cost more. Accommodation is often subsidized if you eat your meals at the teahouse — a common and expected arrangement.
Meals (per day)$25–45 USD/dayDal bhat is the best-value, most nutritious option and is usually unlimited refill. Prices rise significantly at altitude (Manang, High Camp). Budget more for Manang and above.
Bus / Jeep to Besisahar$15–20 USDTourist buses from Kathmandu to Besisahar depart Gongabu bus park. Shared jeeps are faster. A private jeep to Syange or Dharapani (skipping some road sections) costs $80–120.
Jomsom–Pokhara Flight$80–120 USDTara Air and Summit Air operate this route. Book in advance during peak season. Morning flights only — book the earliest slot available. Jeep alternative costs $25–35.

Estimated Total

$900 – $2,200 USD

Costs are estimates. Prices change — verify before you go.

What to Pack

Footwear
  • Waterproof trekking boots (ankle support essential)
  • Lightweight camp sandals or Crocs
  • Gaiters (for snow on Thorong La)
  • Moisture-wicking trekking socks (3–4 pairs)
  • Wool liner socks
  • Neoprene toe covers (for high camp)
  • Insoles with arch support
  • Waterproofing spray (Nikwax or similar)
Clothing
  • Down jacket (800-fill minimum)
  • Waterproof hardshell jacket
  • Fleece mid-layer
  • Merino wool base layer (top and bottom)
  • Trekking trousers (2 pairs, zip-off recommended)
  • Warm hat and balaclava
  • Sun hat or cap
  • Lightweight gloves + warm mountaineering gloves
  • Buff / neck gaiter
  • Lightweight thermal underwear
Gear & Equipment
  • Trekking poles (two recommended for Thorong La descent)
  • 35–45L daypack (main backpack if using porter)
  • 60–70L expedition pack (if no porter)
  • Headlamp + extra batteries (for 3am Thorong La start)
  • Sleeping bag liner (silk or fleece)
  • Sleeping bag rated to -15°C (for High Camp)
  • Trekking umbrella (doubles as sun and rain shield)
  • Dry bags or pack liner
  • Microspikes or crampons (Thorong La in early spring)
Health & Safety
  • Diamox (acetazolamide) — consult your doctor before trekking
  • Pulse oximeter (monitor blood oxygen at altitude)
  • First aid kit (blister plasters, bandages, antiseptic)
  • Ibuprofen and paracetamol
  • Oral rehydration salts (ORS)
  • Water purification tablets or SteriPen
  • Sunscreen SPF 50+ (UV radiation intense at altitude)
  • Lip balm with SPF
  • Personal prescription medications
  • Altitude sickness recognition card
Electronics & Documents
  • Passport + permit copies (keep originals dry)
  • Offline maps downloaded (Maps.me or Gaia GPS)
  • Power bank (10,000+ mAh — charging rare at altitude)
  • Universal power adapter
  • Camera or smartphone for photography
  • Solar charger panel
  • Satellite communicator (Garmin inReach recommended)
  • Earplugs (teahouse walls are thin)
EssentialOptionalAmazon link

Tips & Important Information

Altitude Sickness Is a Real Risk — Know the Signs

Above 3,000m, watch for symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): persistent headache, nausea, loss of appetite, dizziness, and difficulty sleeping. Mild AMS is common and manageable with rest and fluids. Severe symptoms — confusion, inability to walk straight, or crackling lungs — are emergencies requiring immediate descent. Never ascend if you have AMS symptoms. Attend the free HRA clinic lecture in Manang and carry a pulse oximeter to monitor blood oxygen levels throughout the upper circuit.

Start Thorong La Before 4am — Wind Closes the Pass

This is the most critical logistical tip on the circuit. Afternoon winds on Thorong La can reach dangerous velocities and are extremely cold. Most accidents and turnarounds happen to trekkers who started late and are caught in deteriorating conditions near the summit. Set your alarm for 3am, eat breakfast by headlamp, and aim to summit by 9–10am. If you are still on the ascent past 11am, seriously consider turning back to High Camp.

The Jeep Road Is Manageable — Plan Your Route Smart

The road from Besisahar to roughly Chame has taken away much of the classic lower circuit. Rather than fighting it, start walking from Dharapani or Chame (reach these by jeep from Besisahar), saving 3–4 days of road walking and reserving your energy for the spectacular upper circuit. On the Jomsom side, take the morning flight or jeep to Pokhara rather than walking the lower Kali Gandaki valley, which is now almost entirely on road.

Mustang Permit Required Beyond Kagbeni

The medieval town of Kagbeni is freely accessible and unmissable. However, the road north from Kagbeni into Upper Mustang requires a restricted-area permit: $500 USD for 10 days, available only through a registered trekking agency (cannot be purchased independently). If you plan to explore the ancient cave-city of Lo Manthang in Upper Mustang, arrange this permit before leaving Kathmandu. It is a once-in-a-lifetime addition for those with budget and time.

Best Seasons Are March–May and September–November

Spring (March–May) brings clear skies, rhododendron forests in full bloom, and warm lower valleys. October–November is the most popular season: post-monsoon clarity, stable weather, and excellent high-altitude visibility. December–February is cold and can see Thorong La closed by snowfall. June–August (monsoon) brings leeches, rain, and restricted visibility in the lower sections, though the rain shadow of the upper circuit remains surprisingly dry.

Frequently Asked Questions

Recommended Gear

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Salomon X Ultra 4 GTX Hiking Boots

The go-to boot for the Annapurna Circuit among experienced trekkers. Gore-Tex waterproofing, excellent ankle support, and the Contagrip sole handles everything from wet jungle trails to the rocky Thorong La descent. Lightweight enough for 13+ days without destroying your feet.

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Black Diamond Trail Ergo Cork Trekking Poles

Cork grips absorb sweat on hot lower valley days, and the FlickLock Pro adjustment is fast and reliable on switchbacks. Two poles are strongly recommended for the Thorong La descent — they significantly reduce knee strain on the 1,600m drop to Muktinath.

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Garmin inReach Mini 2 Satellite Communicator

Two-way satellite messaging and SOS capability — essential peace of mind on a remote route where cell coverage is minimal above Manang. A single SOS from Thorong La can save your life. Pairs with the Garmin app for weather forecasts and waypoint tracking.

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Osprey Atmos AG 65 Backpack

The Anti-Gravity suspension system on this pack is a revelation for long-haul trekking — it transfers load exceptionally well and ventilates your back in the hot lower valleys. At 65L it's ideal if you're going porter-free, or downsize to the 50L if your porter carries your main bag.

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Connect with experienced, licensed local guides for a safe, enriching trek — browse availability on GetYourGuide.

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